{"type":"trials","record":{"id":42293,"source_id":"clinicaltrials-gov","external_id":"NCT04685369","title":"Effectiveness of Anti-VEGF Treatments in Wet AMD in Active Smokers","brief_summary":"\" Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (wet AMD)\" is characterized by the appearance of new choroidal vessels. Several clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of intra-vitreous injections of anti-VEGF (bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept) against these choroidal neovessels. However, some eyes appear to respond less well or be resistant to anti-VEGF injections, which affects visual acuity. To improve the clinical management of patients with wet AMD, it is important to be able to determine which factors determine the response to anti-VEGF treatment. Non-modifiable factors such as visual acuity or the patient's age at the time of the first injections, the type and size of choroidal neovascularization, as well as certain genetic polymorphisms are known. Two studies, one carried out in Korean patients, the other in different centers in Singapore, New Zealand, Australia and Switzerland showed that active smoking was associated with a poorer response to intra-vitreous injections of ranibizumab, since smoking is also an already well-known modifiable risk factor for the onset of AMD. Another study in the Netherlands shows a poorer visual prognosis after five years of injection treatment in patients who smoke. This study aims to study the effect of active smoking on the visual prognosis of patients with exudative AMD and treated with anti-VEGF injections in a Belgian cohort.","overall_status":"Completed","phases":[],"study_type":"OBSERVATIONAL","sponsor":"Brugmann University Hospital","enrollment":148,"countries":["Belgium"],"start_date":"2020-11-10","completion_date":"2021-07-28","last_update_date":"2022-03-08","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04685369","editorial_summary":"A registered study indexed because it matched monitored longevity research terms. Registry status: Completed. Registration does not establish safety or effectiveness.","first_seen_at":"2026-09-25T01:25:30.378222+00:00","last_seen_at":"2026-09-25T06:20:47.789+00:00","metadata":{"sex":"ALL","acronym":null,"age_range":"18 Years","comparator":null,"organization":"Brugmann University Hospital","interventions":["Medical Data extraction"],"registry_source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","outcome_measures":["Monoyer chart result — Baseline","Monoyer chart result — 4 months after baseline","Central macular thickness — Baseline","Central macular thickness — 4 months after baseline","Pigment epithelial detachment — Baseline","Sub-retinal fluid — Baseline","Choroidal neovascularization subtype — Baseline"],"design_description":null,"source_has_results":false},"controlled_terms":["Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration","Medical Data extraction"],"relevance_confidence":100,"source_quality_score":100,"freshness_score":50,"publication_state":"published","match_explanation":"Abstract contains controlled term: age-related macular degeneration.","quality_checked_at":"2026-09-25T06:20:59.355028+00:00","duplicate_cluster_key":"id:nct04685369","duplicate_of_id":null,"evidence_snapshot":{"status":"structured","version":1,"duration":"2020-11-10 to 2021-07-28","comparator":null,"confidence":"structured-source","population":"ALL · 18 Years","provenance":{"duration":"start_date and completion_date","comparator":"registry arm fields","population":"registry eligibility fields","intervention":"registry intervention fields","participants":"enrollment","study_design":"study_type and registry design fields","evidence_stage":"phases","reported_outcome":"not available","outcomes_measured":"registry outcome-measure fields"},"generated_at":"2026-09-25T06:20:47.947Z","intervention":["Medical Data extraction"],"participants":148,"study_design":"OBSERVATIONAL","subject_scope":"Human clinical study registration","evidence_stage":"Phase not reported","safety_context":"Eligibility, adverse-event details, and clinical decisions must be checked in the official registry and with qualified clinicians.","source_support":"Structured registry protocol metadata; no finding-level conclusion is generated.","main_limitation":"This is a study registration. No reusable structured result is available here, so it cannot show whether the intervention worked or was safe.","reported_outcome":null,"outcomes_measured":["Monoyer chart result — Baseline","Monoyer chart result — 4 months after baseline","Central macular thickness — Baseline","Central macular thickness — 4 months after baseline","Pigment epithelial detachment — Baseline","Sub-retinal fluid — Baseline","Choroidal neovascularization subtype — Baseline"],"regulatory_context":"Trial registration is not regulatory approval and does not establish that an intervention is available."},"clinical_trial_topics":[{"topic_slug":"vision-aging","is_published":true,"match_reasons":["Abstract contains controlled term: age-related macular degeneration.","Source terminology contains: age-related macular degeneration.","Abstract supplies longevity context: age-related.","Study type is explicitly identified as OBSERVATIONAL."],"matched_fields":["abstract","controlled terminology","abstract context","study type"],"relevance_score":100,"intelligence_topics":{"name":"Vision ageing","slug":"vision-aging"}}],"content_sources":{"name":"ClinicalTrials.gov","homepage_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/"}},"canonical_url":"https://www.immortal.life/trials/42293","automation_disclosure":"Generated automatically from cited source metadata. No scientist, clinician, researcher, editor, or human reviewer evaluates this publication before release."}