Ageing mechanisms
The cellular and molecular processes that drive biological ageing.
Find the question you want to explore
Start with the biological process, then distinguish laboratory findings from studies involving people. Damage, repair and cell signalling describe different questions; a shared ageing label does not make their evidence interchangeable.
29 topic dossiers connect research, trials, universities, funding and patent activity. Coverage is still growing; numbers describe the indexed records, not all evidence worldwide.
Genomic instability
DNA damage, chromosome errors, and repair failure in ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Telomeres and telomerase
Telomere shortening, telomerase, cellular ageing, and possible interventions.
Open evidence dossier →Epigenetic alterations
Age-related changes in chromatin, DNA methylation, histones, and gene regulation.
Open evidence dossier →Proteostasis
Protein folding, quality control, aggregation, and clearance with age.
Open evidence dossier →Autophagy
Cellular recycling, lysosomal function, and autophagy-related interventions.
Open evidence dossier →Nutrient sensing
mTOR, AMPK, insulin, IGF-1, and pathways connecting nutrition with ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Mitochondrial function
Mitochondrial quality, energy production, oxidative stress, and mitophagy.
Open evidence dossier →Intercellular communication
How endocrine, neuronal, immune, and extracellular signals change with age.
Open evidence dossier →Chronic inflammation
Low-grade age-related inflammation and its health consequences.
Open evidence dossier →Microbiome and dysbiosis
Age-related changes in gut and other microbial communities.
Open evidence dossier →RNA splicing and ageing
Splicing regulation, RNA processing, and transcript quality with age.
Open evidence dossier →Extracellular matrix ageing
Tissue stiffness, fibrosis, matrix turnover, and mechanobiology.
Open evidence dossier →Glycation and AGEs
Advanced glycation end products, cross-linking, and tissue ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Oxidative stress
Reactive oxygen species, redox balance, and antioxidant systems.
Open evidence dossier →Ferroptosis and ageing
Iron-dependent cell death, lipid peroxidation, and tissue decline.
Open evidence dossier →Cell competition
How tissues remove, retain, or replace less-fit cells.
Open evidence dossier →Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SASP signals, senomorphic strategies, and tissue effects.
Open evidence dossier →Lysosomal dysfunction
Age-related changes in lysosomal clearance, acidity and cellular recycling.
Open evidence dossier →Endoplasmic reticulum stress
ER stress, the unfolded-protein response and their role in age-related decline.
Open evidence dossier →Mitochondrial dynamics
Mitochondrial fusion, fission, transport and quality control across ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Mitochondrial DNA mutations
Accumulation, selection and functional consequences of mitochondrial genome variants with age.
Open evidence dossier →Cellular energetics
ATP production, energy stress and metabolic flexibility in ageing cells and tissues.
Open evidence dossier →Lipid metabolism and ageing
Age-related lipid handling, lipid droplets and membrane composition.
Open evidence dossier →Calcium homeostasis
How calcium signalling and intracellular calcium balance change with age.
Open evidence dossier →Iron homeostasis
Iron handling, accumulation and iron-related damage during ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Nuclear architecture
Age-related changes in nuclear shape, lamins and genome organization.
Open evidence dossier →Transposable elements
Retrotransposon activation, genomic regulation and inflammation in ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Somatic mosaicism
Age-acquired genetic variation across cells and tissues.
Open evidence dossier →Translation fidelity
Accuracy of protein synthesis and ribosome function during ageing.
Open evidence dossier →