Organs & systems
How ageing affects particular organs, tissues and physiological systems.
Find the question you want to explore
Look at the tissue or physiological system that matters to your question. Evidence about one organ does not automatically establish a whole-body ageing effect.
29 topic dossiers connect research, trials, universities, funding and patent activity. Coverage is still growing; numbers describe the indexed records, not all evidence worldwide.
Sarcopenia
Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function.
Open evidence dossier →Cognitive ageing
Memory, thinking, brain resilience, and dementia risk across later life.
Open evidence dossier →Cardiovascular ageing
Vascular stiffness, cardiac ageing, endothelial function, and healthspan.
Open evidence dossier →Immune ageing
Immunosenescence, vaccine responses, and age-related immune dysfunction.
Open evidence dossier →Ovarian ageing
Reproductive longevity, ovarian reserve, menopause, and ovarian ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Thymic ageing
Thymic involution, T-cell production, and immune restoration.
Open evidence dossier →Blood stem-cell ageing
Age-related changes in blood stem cells and blood-system renewal.
Open evidence dossier →Neuroinflammation
Inflammatory signalling in the ageing brain and cognitive decline.
Open evidence dossier →Blood-brain barrier ageing
Age-related barrier integrity, transport, and neurovascular health.
Open evidence dossier →Glymphatic clearance
Brain waste-clearance pathways, sleep, and neurological health.
Open evidence dossier →Kidney ageing
Renal ageing, declining filtration, fibrosis, and kidney healthspan.
Open evidence dossier →Liver ageing
Age-related liver metabolism, regeneration, steatosis, and fibrosis.
Open evidence dossier →Lung ageing
Pulmonary ageing, respiratory reserve, fibrosis, and tissue repair.
Open evidence dossier →Skin ageing
Skin structure, barrier function, photoageing, and wound repair.
Open evidence dossier →Bone ageing
Bone loss, osteoporosis, bone quality, and skeletal resilience.
Open evidence dossier →Joint and cartilage ageing
Cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis, repair, and mobility.
Open evidence dossier →Vision ageing
Retinal, lens, and ocular changes affecting vision in later life.
Open evidence dossier →Hearing ageing
Age-related hearing loss, auditory processing, and resilience.
Open evidence dossier →Oral health and ageing
Periodontal health, tooth loss, oral microbiology, and healthy ageing.
Open evidence dossier →Gut ageing
Age-related changes in intestinal barrier, motility, immunity and regeneration.
Open evidence dossier →Adipose-tissue ageing
Fat distribution, adipose inflammation and metabolic changes with age.
Open evidence dossier →Pancreatic ageing
Age-related changes in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function.
Open evidence dossier →Heart ageing
Cardiac-cell, structural and functional changes that occur with age.
Open evidence dossier →Endothelial ageing
Age-related endothelial dysfunction, vascular signalling and repair.
Open evidence dossier →Male reproductive ageing
Age-related changes in male fertility, hormones and reproductive function.
Open evidence dossier →Endocrine ageing
System-wide changes in hormonal signalling and endocrine function with age.
Open evidence dossier →Hair-follicle ageing
Follicle stem cells, greying and hair loss as age-related tissue biology.
Open evidence dossier →Bladder and urinary ageing
Age-related changes in bladder function, continence and urinary health.
Open evidence dossier →Vestibular ageing
Age-related balance-system decline, dizziness and spatial orientation.
Open evidence dossier →